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                    <OTText id="28612f83-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;After looking at the path taken by several red dye molecules, their motion can best be described as:" />
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                        <OTText text="moving in a directed way from high to low concentration" />
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                    <OTText id="2862dd3a-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;It is often stated that substances diffuse from highly concentrated areas to areas of low concentration. Describe how this works if a molecule can't tell that it is in a region of high concentration and just diffuses randomly through collisions." />
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                    <OTText id="2dac9fbe-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Set up the model so that there is a high concentration of something outside and a low concentration of that same thing inside. What are the chances that a molecule will move into or out of the cell?" />
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                        <OTText text="There is a greater chance that a molecule will move from the lower concentrated area to the higher concentrated area." />
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                    <OTText id="2dacede4-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe the flow of molecules when there is an area of high and low concentration." />
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                        <OTText text="Molecules move from the side with high concentration to low concentration." />
                        <OTText text="Molecules move from the side with low concentration to high concentration." />
                        <OTText id="2dad14f8-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="Both a and b, but there is a greater flow from high to low concentration than low to high concentration." />
                        <OTText text="The flow will be equal in both directions regardless of the starting concentrations." />
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                    <OTText id="30d5a52b-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;What is true of the concentrations when equilibrium has been reached?" />
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                        <OTText text="They will be higher inside the cell." />
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                    <OTText id="30d5f352-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;What is true of the rate at which molecules move into and out of the cell at equilibrium?" />
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                        <OTText text="More move into the cell than out of it." />
                        <OTText text="More move out of the cell than into it." />
                        <OTText id="30d5f356-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="Equal amounts move into and out of the cell." />
                        <OTText text="They move randomly, so it is not predictable." />
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                    <OTText id="30d64179-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Set up the model so that it is NOT in equilibrium. Then use the &quot;snapshot&quot; button below the model to take a picture of your setup. Use the &quot;open&quot; button below to place that image here." />
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                    <OTText id="30d6ddbc-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Set up the model so that it is IN equilibrium. Then use the &quot;snapshot&quot; button below the model to take a picture of your setup. Use the &quot;open&quot; button below to place that image here." />
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                <OTQuestion id="3373337e-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page4.cml">
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                    <OTText id="3373337f-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;What happens to the oxygen concentration of the cell when you move it to a new environment?" />
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                        <OTText text="It stays the same." />
                        <OTText text="It goes up." />
                        <OTText text="It goes down." />
                        <OTText id="33735a94-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="It goes up or down until it reaches equilibrium." />
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                    <OTText id="337381a6-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Explain how a red blood cell delivers oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. hint" />
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                <OTQuestion id="367772d9-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page5.cml">
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                    <OTText id="367772da-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe what happens when the red blood cell contains hemoglobin:" />
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                        <OTText text="It is the same as without hemoglobin." />
                        <OTText text="It speeds up the normal diffusion." />
                        <OTText id="367799ee-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="It causes the concentration of oxygen to be higher inside the cell when equilibrium has been reached." />
                        <OTText text="It causes the oxygen concentration to be higher outside the cell when equilibrium has been reached." />
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                    <OTText id="3677c101-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Explain how hemoglobin helps transport more oxygen than could normally be done with simple diffusion:" />
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                    <OTText id="39e3e9e5-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;How does surface area affect diffusion rates?" />
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                        <OTText text="Surface area has no effect on diffusion rate." />
                        <OTText text="Smaller surface area = faster diffusion rate." />
                        <OTText text="Larger surface area = slower diffusion rate." />
                        <OTText id="39e410fa-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="Larger surface area = faster diffusion rate." />
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                    <OTText id="39e45f1c-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Single-celled organisms absorb everything they need directly through their &quot;skin,&quot; their cell membrane. However, you could never get enough oxygen if oxygen could only diffuse through your skin. Explain why it is necessary to have lungs with large surface areas:" />
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                    <OTText id="3d5d5940-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Take an image showing a side view of an aquapore poking out of both sides of a piece of cell membrane. (Note: You will need to find the right scene on the molecule tour and rotate the molecule yourself to get the correct image.) " />
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                <OTQuestion id="3d5d8052-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="3d5d8053-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Take an image showing water going through the channel formed by the aquapore:" />
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                <OTQuestion id="3d5da765-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="3d5da766-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Which are the only types of molecules that pass easily through the cell membrane without an aquapore?" />
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                        <OTText text="positive ions" />
                        <OTText text="negative ions" />
                        <OTText id="3d5dce7a-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="small non-polar molecules" />
                        <OTText text="small polar molecules" />
                        <OTText text="medium sized polar molecules" />
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                <OTQuestion id="3d5df58d-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="3d5df58e-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;What is true of most naturally occuring pores?" />
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                        <OTText text="They allow only ions to pass through." />
                        <OTText text="They allow most molecules to pass through." />
                        <OTText text="They let anything that is the right size through." />
                        <OTText id="3d5e1ca3-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="They are specific to one kind of molecule." />
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                    <OTText id="41b12315-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Osmotic pressure is related to salt concentrations (or other dissolved substances) in what way?" />
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                        <OTText id="41b12317-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="High concentrations cause high osmotic pressures." />
                        <OTText text="Low concentrations cause high osmotic pressures." />
                        <OTText text="High concentrations cause low osmotic pressures." />
                        <OTText text="It depends on what is dissolved in the water." />
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                <OTQuestion id="41b14a2b-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page8.cml">
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                    <OTText id="41b14a2c-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;If you want water to flow out of the cell faster than into the cell you should:" />
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                        <OTText text="put the cell in pure distilled water." />
                        <OTText text="put the cell in a low concentration of salt or sugar water." />
                        <OTText id="41b17140-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="put the cell in a high concentration of salt or sugar water." />
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                <OTQuestion id="41b19851-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page8.cml">
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                    <OTText id="41b19852-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Cells generally stay in equilibrium with their surroundings. What are two ways you know the cell has reached equilibrium?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="41b19853-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" selectionUI="1">
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                        <OTText text="Water stops flowing into and out of the cell." />
                        <OTText id="41b19855-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="The concentrations inside and outside of the cell are the same." />
                        <OTText id="41b19856-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="The osmotic pressure inside and outside of the cell is the same." />
                        <OTText text="The cell gets as small as it possibly can." />
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                    <OTText id="41b2349a-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe the similarities and differences between diffusion and osmosis." />
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                    <OTText id="44ee25be-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;What must be done to get an electric potential (a voltage) across the membrane?" />
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                        <OTText text="Move all the water to one side." />
                        <OTText text="Make the concentrations equal inside and out." />
                        <OTText id="44efd372-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="Make the concentrations of at least one ion different inside and out." />
                        <OTText text="Make the concentrations of both ions different inside and out." />
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                    <OTText id="44f048a5-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;How can you get the maximum voltage across the cell membrane?" />
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                        <OTText text="Move all the water to one side." />
                        <OTText text="Move all the positive to one side." />
                        <OTText text="Move all the negative to one side." />
                        <OTText text="Move all of the ions both + and - to one side." />
                        <OTText id="44f06fbb-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="Move all the positives to one side and negatives to the other." />
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                    <OTText id="47a2705d-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;What factor most affects how much chemical energy you start with?" />
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                        <OTText text="A low ATP concentration causes a high chemical energy." />
                        <OTText id="47a27060-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="A high ATP concentration causes a high chemical energy." />
                        <OTText text="A low calcium ion concentration causes a high chemical energy." />
                        <OTText text="A high calcium ion concentration causes a high chemical energy." />
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                    <OTText id="47a2be84-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe how the chemical energy in ATP is converted into electric potential energy. (hint)" />
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                <OTQuestion id="4a840c87-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page11.cml">
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                    <OTText id="4a840c88-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Which best describes the motion of an INDIVIDUAL ion or molecule:" />
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                        <OTText text="It moves from high to low concentration." />
                        <OTText text="It moves from low to high concentration." />
                        <OTText id="4a84339c-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="It moves completely randomly through collisions." />
                        <OTText text="It moves in a direction that depends on its environment." />
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                    <OTText id="4a845aaf-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe in as many ways as possible how you know when a system has reached equilibrium:" />
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                    <OTText id="4a8480c3-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe what will happen if a cell has an oxygen concentration that is higher outside of the cell compared with inside of the cell (see illustration to the right):" />
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                        <OTText text="The oxygen will move from high to low concentration." />
                        <OTText text="The oxygen will move from low to high concentration." />
                        <OTText text="The concentrations will remain the same because you need a pore for oxygen to go through the membrane." />
                        <OTText id="4a84a7d8-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="Oxygen will go in both directions but faster from the higher concentration area." />
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                    <OTText id="4a84ceea-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe how surface area affects the speed at which diffusing ions or molecules reach equilibrium across both sides of the surface:" />
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                <OTQuestion id="4a84f5fd-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v3/page11.cml">
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                    <OTText id="4a84f5fe-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Which of the following can pass through a cell membrane without a specialized pore:" />
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                        <OTText text="positive ions" />
                        <OTText text="negative ions" />
                        <OTText id="4a84f602-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="small non-polar molecules like carbon dioxide" />
                        <OTText text="small polar molecules like water" />
                        <OTText text="medium to large molecules" />
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                    <OTText id="4a851d17-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;If you were to drink salt water from the ocean which has a high concentration of dissolved ions, what would happen?" />
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                        <OTText id="4a851d19-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="The high salt concentration outside of my cells would cause water to leave my cells, making me dehydrated." />
                        <OTText text="The high salt concentration outside of my cells would cause too much water to go into my cells, making them burst." />
                        <OTText text="The high salt outside of my cells would diffuse into my cells, causing too many ions to be present inside of my cells." />
                        <OTText text="The low salt concentration inside my cells would diffuse out, bonding with the high salt concentration outside of my cells." />
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                    <OTText id="4a856b3e-008d-11de-86a7-d58d7a508445" text="&#xA;Describe how you can make an electric potential occur across a membrane, and how you can maximize this potential energy:" />
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