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                        <OTText text="moving in a directed way from high to low concentration" />
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                        <OTText text="moving in clumps of molecules together" />
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                    <OTText id="58605632-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;It is often stated that substances diffuse from highly concentrated areas to areas of low concentration. Describe how this works if a molecule can't tell that it is in a region of high concentration and just diffuses randomly through collisions." />
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                    <OTText id="5b2d58e6-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Set up the model so that there is a high concentration of something outside and a low concentration of that same thing inside. What are the chances that a molecule will move into or out of the cell?" />
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                        <OTText text="There is a greater chance that a molecule will move from the lower concentrated area to the higher concentrated area." />
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                    <OTText id="5b2df52c-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Describe the flow of molecules when there is an area of high and low concentration." />
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                        <OTText text="Molecules move from the side with high concentration to low concentration." />
                        <OTText text="Molecules move from the side with low concentration to high concentration." />
                        <OTText id="5b2e1c40-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="Both a and b, but there is a greater flow from high to low concentration than low to high concentration." />
                        <OTText text="The flow will be equal in both directions regardless of the starting concentrations." />
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                    <OTText id="5da25093-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;What is true of the concentrations when equilibrium has been reached?" />
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                        <OTText text="They will be higher inside the cell." />
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                        <OTText text="They will reach a minimum inside and outside." />
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                    <OTText id="5da2ecda-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;What is true of the rate at which molecules move into and out of the cell at equilibrium?" />
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                        <OTText text="More move into the cell than out of it." />
                        <OTText text="More move out of the cell than into it." />
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                        <OTText text="They move randomly, so it is not predictable." />
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                    <OTText id="5da33a01-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Set up the model so that it is NOT in equilibrium. Then use the &quot;snapshot&quot; button below the model to take a picture of your setup. Use the &quot;open&quot; button below to place that image here." />
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                    <OTText id="5da42464-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Set up the model so that it is IN equilibrium. Then use the &quot;snapshot&quot; button below the model to take a picture of your setup. Use the &quot;open&quot; button below to place that image here." />
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                <OTQuestion id="5fd200e6-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page4.cml">
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                    <OTText id="5fd200e7-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;What happens to the oxygen concentration of the cell when you move it to a new environment?" />
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                        <OTText text="It stays the same." />
                        <OTText text="It goes up." />
                        <OTText text="It goes down." />
                        <OTText id="5fd24f0c-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="It goes up or down until it reaches equilibrium." />
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                    <OTText id="5fd29d2e-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Explain how a red blood cell delivers oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. hint" />
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                <OTQuestion id="61dff961-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page5.cml">
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                    <OTText id="61dff962-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Describe what happens when the red blood cell contains hemoglobin:" />
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                        <OTText text="It is the same as without hemoglobin." />
                        <OTText text="It speeds up the normal diffusion." />
                        <OTText id="61e02076-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="It causes the concentration of oxygen to be higher inside the cell when equilibrium has been reached." />
                        <OTText text="It causes the oxygen concentration to be higher outside the cell when equilibrium has been reached." />
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                    <OTText id="61e06e99-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Explain how hemoglobin helps transport more oxygen than could normally be done with simple diffusion:" />
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                <OTQuestion id="6379d34c-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page6.cml">
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                    <OTText id="6379d34d-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;How does surface area affect diffusion rates?" />
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                        <OTText text="Surface area has no effect on diffusion rate." />
                        <OTText text="Smaller surface area = faster diffusion rate." />
                        <OTText text="Larger surface area = slower diffusion rate." />
                        <OTText id="637a2172-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="Larger surface area = faster diffusion rate." />
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                    <OTText id="637a4884-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Single-celled organisms absorb everything they need directly through their &quot;skin,&quot; their cell membrane. However, you could never get enough oxygen if oxygen could only diffuse through your skin. Explain why it is necessary to have lungs with large surface areas:" />
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                <OTQuestion id="658d22f7-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="658d22f8-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Take an image showing a side view of an aquapore poking out of both sides of a piece of cell membrane. (Note: You will need to find the right scene on the molecule tour and rotate the molecule yourself to get the correct image.) " />
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                <OTQuestion id="658d4a0a-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="658d4a0b-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Take an image showing water going through the channel formed by the aquapore:" />
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                <OTQuestion id="658d711d-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="658d711e-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Which are the only types of molecules that pass easily through the cell membrane without an aquapore?" />
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                        <OTText text="positive ions" />
                        <OTText text="negative ions" />
                        <OTText id="658d7122-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="small non-polar molecules" />
                        <OTText text="small polar molecules" />
                        <OTText text="medium sized polar molecules" />
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                <OTQuestion id="658e3475-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page7.cml">
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                    <OTText id="658e3476-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;What is true of most naturally occuring pores?" />
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                        <OTText text="They allow only ions to pass through." />
                        <OTText text="They allow most molecules to pass through." />
                        <OTText text="They let anything that is the right size through." />
                        <OTText id="658e5b8b-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="They are specific to one kind of molecule." />
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                <OTQuestion id="6878832c-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page8.cml">
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                    <OTText id="6878832d-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Osmotic pressure is related to salt concentrations (or other dissolved substances) in what way?" />
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                        <OTText id="6878832f-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="High concentrations cause high osmotic pressures." />
                        <OTText text="Low concentrations cause high osmotic pressures." />
                        <OTText text="High concentrations cause low osmotic pressures." />
                        <OTText text="It depends on what is dissolved in the water." />
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                <OTQuestion id="6878f863-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page8.cml">
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                    <OTText id="6878f864-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;If you want water to flow out of the cell faster than into the cell you should:" />
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                        <OTText text="put the cell in pure distilled water." />
                        <OTText text="put the cell in a low concentration of salt or sugar water." />
                        <OTText id="68791f78-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="put the cell in a high concentration of salt or sugar water." />
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                <OTQuestion id="68794689-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page8.cml">
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                    <OTText id="6879468a-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Cells generally stay in equilibrium with their surroundings. What are two ways you know the cell has reached equilibrium?" />
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                        <OTText text="Water stops flowing into and out of the cell." />
                        <OTText id="6879468d-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="The concentrations inside and outside of the cell are the same." />
                        <OTText id="6879468e-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="The osmotic pressure inside and outside of the cell is the same." />
                        <OTText text="The cell gets as small as it possibly can." />
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                    <OTText id="6879bbc2-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Describe the similarities and differences between diffusion and osmosis." />
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                <OTQuestion id="6a3a3075-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" name="http://ri-itest.concord.org/SAMActivities/DiffusionActiveTrans/DiffusionActiveTrans_v2/page9.cml">
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                    <OTText id="6a3a3076-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;What must be done to get an electric potential (a voltage) across the membrane?" />
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                        <OTText text="Move all the water to one side." />
                        <OTText text="Make the concentrations equal inside and out." />
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                        <OTText text="Move all the positive to one side." />
                        <OTText text="Move all the negative to one side." />
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                        <OTText text="A high calcium ion concentration causes a high chemical energy." />
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                    <OTText id="6dd66a2b-ab4e-11dd-9733-9962988f7b86" text="&#xA;Describe what will happen if a cell has an oxygen concentration that is higher outside of the cell compared with inside of the cell (see illustration to the right):" />
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                        <OTText text="The oxygen will move from low to high concentration." />
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