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                    <OTText id="20e239b4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="1. What are computer models used for?" />
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                        <OTText id="20e239b6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="making predictions" />
                        <OTText id="20e239b7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="testing theories" />
                        <OTText id="20e239b8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="designing things" />
                        <OTText id="20e260c9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="making predictions AND testing theories" />
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                        <OTText id="20e2d5fe-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They are a completely accurate reproduction of what they are modeling." />
                        <OTText id="20e2d5ff-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They are a completely accurate reproduction of what they are modeling except they are scaled differently (smaller or bigger than the real thing)." />
                        <OTText id="20e2fd10-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They may not be a completely accurate reproduction of what they are modeling, but they produce reasonably good results that come close to matching reality." />
                        <OTText id="20e2fd11-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They may not be a completely accurate reproduction of what they are modeling, but they look exactly like what they are modeling." />
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                <OTQuestion id="20e32422-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_3">
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                    <OTText id="20e32423-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="3. In which case does it make sense to use a computer model?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="20e32424-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="20e32425-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="to conduct an experiment that would be too expensive to do in real life" />
                        <OTText id="20e32426-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="to conduct an experiment that would be too dangerous to do in real life" />
                        <OTText id="20e32427-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="to conduct an experiment that would take too long to do in real life" />
                        <OTText id="20e34b38-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="all of the above" />
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                <OTQuestion id="20e34b39-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_4">
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                    <OTText id="20e34b3a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="4. What is the most likely reason the results from a model may NOT perfectly match reality?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="20e34b3b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="20e3724c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="All the factors that might affect the model were not considered." />
                        <OTText id="20e3724d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The user set the controls or initial parameters so that the starting conditions for the model were unrealistic." />
                        <OTText id="20e3995e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The user didn't interpret the results properly." />
                        <OTText id="20e3c06f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="There was a problem with the computer processor." />
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                <OTQuestion id="20e3c070-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_5">
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                    <OTText id="20e3c071-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="5. Which is the BEST description of how electrons surround the nucleus of an isolated atom?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="20e3c072-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="20e3e783-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electrons orbit the nucleus, like planets orbit the sun." />
                        <OTText id="20e3e784-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electrons form rings around the nucleus, like rings surround the planet Saturn." />
                        <OTText id="20e3e785-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electrons spread out around the nucleus but are likely to found in certain regions, which can be shaped like spherical clouds." />
                        <OTText id="20e3e786-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electrons form a thin shell around the nucleus, creating the shape of a single ball." />
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                <OTQuestion id="20e435a7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_6">
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                    <OTText id="20e45cb8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="6. Every atom is a certain kind of element. The type of element is determined by" />
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                    <OTChoice id="20e45cb9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="20e45cba-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the atom’s number of protons" />
                        <OTText id="20e45cbb-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the atom’s number of neutrons" />
                        <OTText id="20e45cbc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the atom’s number of electrons" />
                        <OTText id="20e45cbd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the sum of the atom’s protons and neutrons" />
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                <OTQuestion id="2451e52e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_7">
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                    <OTText id="2451e52f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="7. Ions that have a +2 charge" />
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                    <OTChoice id="2451e530-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="2451e531-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="all have the same number of protons" />
                        <OTText id="2451e532-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="have two more electrons than protons" />
                        <OTText id="24528173-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="have two more protons than neutrons" />
                        <OTText id="2452a884-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="have two more protons than electrons" />
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                <OTQuestion id="2452cf95-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_8">
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                    <OTText id="2452cf96-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="8. Which of the following atoms will most likely be stable and non-radioactive?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="2452cf97-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="2452cf98-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an atom that has an equal number of neutrons and electrons" />
                        <OTText id="2452cf99-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an atom that has an equal number of protons and electrons" />
                        <OTText id="2452cf9a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an atom that has an equal number of protons and neutrons" />
                        <OTText id="2452f6ab-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an atom that has slightly more electrons than protons" />
                        <OTText id="2452f6ac-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an atom that has slightly more protons than electrons" />
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                <OTQuestion id="24531dbd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_9">
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                    <OTText id="24531dbe-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="9. The illustration above shows the relative atom size of the first 18 elements. Given that high-energy orbitals tend to be larger than low-energy orbitals, what can be observed about the illustration?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="24531dbf-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="24531dc0-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Each new row of the table starts with electrons in a new primary energy level." />
                        <OTText id="24531dc1-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Orbitals of atoms in the same row have electrons at the same primary energy levels." />
                        <OTText id="24531dc2-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Each new column of the table starts with electrons in a new primary energy level." />
                        <OTText id="24531dc3-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Orbitals of atoms in the same column have electrons at the same primary energy levels." />
                        <OTText id="24531dc4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both A and B" />
                        <OTText id="245344d5-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both C and D" />
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                <OTQuestion id="245344d6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_10">
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                    <OTText id="245344d7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="10. Which BEST describes the motion of individual atoms or molecules?" />
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                        <OTText id="24536be9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They appear to move randomly due to many collisions." />
                        <OTText id="245392fa-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They have internal forces that cause them to move in random directions." />
                        <OTText id="2453e11b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They only vibrate in place, unless they are stirred around." />
                        <OTText id="2453e11c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="They move in an orderly way, unless they are heated up." />
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                <OTQuestion id="2454082d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_11">
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                    <OTText id="2454082e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="11. In forensic analysis, one way to identify a substance is to observe the vibrational frequencies of its molecules. Some molecules vibrate differently than others. Why?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="24542f3f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="24542f40-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Some molecules have more energy than other molecules." />
                        <OTText id="24542f41-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The mass of the atoms bonded together influences the force needed to vibrate them." />
                        <OTText id="24542f42-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The bonds between atoms act like springs of varying strength, putting more or less force on the atoms." />
                        <OTText id="24542f43-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both B and C" />
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                <OTQuestion id="24545654-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_12">
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                    <OTText id="24545655-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="12. What happens if you apply the same force to two atoms of different mass and send them down a tube at the same time?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="24545656-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="24545657-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The atom of lesser mass reaches the end of the tube first." />
                        <OTText id="24547d68-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The atom of greater mass reaches the end of the tube first." />
                        <OTText id="24547d69-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both atoms reach the end of the tube at the same time." />
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                <OTQuestion id="245519aa-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_13">
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                    <OTText id="245540bb-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="13. What is the reason for your answer above?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="245540bc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="245540bd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Applying the same force causes the atoms to accelerate (speed up) the same way." />
                        <OTText id="245540be-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The mass of the atoms affects how much force the atoms can have." />
                        <OTText id="245540bf-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Acceleration depends on both the applied force and the mass of the object." />
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                <OTQuestion id="2531e520-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_14">
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                    <OTText id="2531e521-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="14. Which image above BEST illustrates how atoms of different mass attract to each other? The arrow indicates the direction and size of the force felt between each atom." />
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                        <OTText id="25320c33-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Image A" />
                        <OTText id="25320c34-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Image B" />
                        <OTText id="25320c35-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Image C" />
                        <OTText id="25320c36-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Image D" />
                        <OTText id="25320c37-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Image E" />
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                <OTQuestion id="25323348-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_15">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25323349-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="15. A new kind of rocket engine uses electric fields to push ions (charged atoms) out of the back of the rocket. Why does this make the spacecraft speed up?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="2532334a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="2532334b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The same force that pushes the ions out of the back of the rocket also pushes the rocket forward." />
                        <OTText id="2532334c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="By losing ions, the spacecraft loses mass, so it moves faster." />
                        <OTText id="2532334d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electric fields push on the solar wind, pushing the spacecraft in the opposite direction." />
                        <OTText id="25325a5e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The ions are attracted back to the spacecraft and collide with it, causing the spacecraft to move forward." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="2532334b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="2532816f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_16">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25328170-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="16. The RED graph above shows the total kinetic energy of ten atoms over a very short time, as calculated by a computer model. Which of the BLUE graphs above might represent the potential energy of the same ten atoms?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25328171-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25328172-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Graph A" />
                        <OTText id="25328173-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Graph B" />
                        <OTText id="25328174-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Graph C" />
                        <OTText id="25328175-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Graph D" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25328175-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="2532a886-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_17">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="2532a887-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="17. When two atoms are placed close together (but not too close), they accelerate (speed up) toward each other. This energy of motion is called" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="2532a888-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="2532cf99-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="kinetic energy" />
                        <OTText id="2532cf9a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="potential energy" />
                        <OTText id="2532cf9b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="chemical energy" />
                        <OTText id="2532cf9c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="nuclear energy" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="2532cf99-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="2532f6ad-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_18">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25336bde-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="18. The atoms described in Question 17 started to move as soon as they were placed near each other. Where did they get the energy to move?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25336bdf-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25336be0-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="from their internal kinetic energy" />
                        <OTText id="25336be1-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="from their potential energy" />
                        <OTText id="25336be2-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="from their chemical energy" />
                        <OTText id="25336be3-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="from their nuclear energy" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25336be1-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ab0ce4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_19">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ab0ce5-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="19. Imagine a solid, a liquid, and a gas all at room temperature—for example, a plastic spoon, liquid water, and air. If all three materials are at the same temperature, which material has molecules of the highest average kinetic energy?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ab0ce6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25ab33f7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the air" />
                        <OTText id="25ab33f8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the water" />
                        <OTText id="25ab33f9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the spoon" />
                        <OTText id="25ab33fa-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The molecules of all three materials have the same average kinetic energy." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25ab33fa-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ab5b0b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_20">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ab5b0c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="20. A large pot of water and a small pot of water are heated until they have both absorbed the same amount of energy. Which of the following is now true?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ab5b0d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25ab5b0e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The water is the same temperature in both pots." />
                        <OTText id="25ab5b0f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The water in the large pot has a higher temperature than the water in the small pot." />
                        <OTText id="25ab5b10-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The water in the small pot has a higher temperature than the water in the large pot." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25ab5b10-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ab8221-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_21">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ab8222-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="21. How can you make one block of room temperature silver cold and an identical block of silver warm?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ab8223-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25aba934-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Add cold energy to one block, and add heat energy to the other block." />
                        <OTText id="25aba935-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Remove heat energy from one block, and add heat energy to the other block." />
                        <OTText id="25aba936-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Put one block into a container with no air molecules, and put the other block into a container with many air molecules." />
                        <OTText id="25aba937-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Wrap one block in aluminum foil and one block in foam insulation." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25aba935-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25abd048-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_22">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25abd049-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="22. The temperature of a group of atoms and molecules is determined by their" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25abd04a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25abd04b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="average potential energy" />
                        <OTText id="25abd04c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="average kinetic energy" />
                        <OTText id="25abd04d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="total kinetic energy" />
                        <OTText id="25abd04e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="total potential energy" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25abd04c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25abf75f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_23">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25abf760-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="23. If the same amount of hot water is poured into a small bowl and into a large bowl, the water in the large bowl will cool down faster. This is because the water in the large bowl is spread out more, which allows" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25abf761-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25abf762-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="more collisions to occur between the air molecules and water molecules" />
                        <OTText id="25abf763-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="more cold energy to be transferred from the air molecules to the water molecules" />
                        <OTText id="25abf764-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="more attractions to form between the air molecules and water molecules" />
                        <OTText id="25ac1d75-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="more space between the water molecules, providing better heat conduction" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25abf762-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ac4486-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_24">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ac4487-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="24. A hot object eventually cools to room temperature. This is because the atoms of the hot object" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ac4488-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25ac4489-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="slow down over time, due to the friction that occurs when they collide with each other" />
                        <OTText id="25ac448a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="slow down over time, because energy is used up when atoms move" />
                        <OTText id="25ac448b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="collide with air molecules, which transfer cold energy to the hot object until equilibrium is reached" />
                        <OTText id="25ac448c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="collide with air molecules, exchanging energy until equilibrium is reached" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25ac448c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ad2eed-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_25">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ad2eee-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="25. How is so much heat transferred from the Sun to the Earth when space contains so few atoms and molecules?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ad2eef-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25ad2ef0-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The Sun gives off so much energy that the small amount of atoms and molecules that exists in space does not matter." />
                        <OTText id="25ad5601-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth using the solar wind." />
                        <OTText id="25ad5602-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The Sun emits photons, which don’t need atom collisions to transfer energy from one object to another." />
                        <OTText id="25ad5603-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="There is such a large surface area between the Sun and the Earth that energy can be transferred quickly using a small number of atoms and molecules." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25ad5602-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ad5604-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_26">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ad5605-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="26. In order to excite an electron, a photon’s energy level must be equal to the" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ad7d16-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25ad7d17-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="sum of the electron’s current energy level and another of its possible energy levels" />
                        <OTText id="25ad7d18-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="difference between the electron’s current energy level and another of its possible energy levels" />
                        <OTText id="25ad7d19-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="product of the electron’s current energy level and another of its possible energy levels" />
                        <OTText id="25ad7d1a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="average of the electron’s current energy level and another of its possible energy levels" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25ad7d18-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="25ada42b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_27">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="25ada42c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="27. Two fast-moving atoms collide and almost stop. What may have happened to their kinetic energy?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="25ada42d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="25ada42e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="It was used up by friction." />
                        <OTText id="25ada42f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="It was converted to heat energy." />
                        <OTText id="25ada430-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="It put an electron into an excited state." />
                        <OTText id="25ada431-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="It was added to the total energy of the system." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="25ada430-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262b38a2-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_28">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262b38a3-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="28. Light energy is given off by an atom when" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262b38a4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262b38a5-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an electron goes once around the nucleus" />
                        <OTText id="262b38a6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an electron is ejected to form an ion" />
                        <OTText id="262b38a7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level" />
                        <OTText id="262b38a8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="262b38a8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262b5fb9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_29">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262b5fba-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389">
                      <text>29. If an electron jumps from a high energy level to a much lower energy level, which of the following
is true?</text>
                    </OTText>
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262b5fbb-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262b86cc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The light given off is a low-energy photon." />
                        <OTText id="262b86cd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The light given off is a high-energy photon." />
                        <OTText id="262b86ce-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The atom becomes a +1 charged ion." />
                        <OTText id="262b86cf-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The atom becomes a -1 charged ion." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="262b86cd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262bade0-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_30">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262bade1-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="30. Suppose an atom has exactly four electron energy levels, and an electron can jump from any level to any other level. What is the maximum number of lines in the atom’s light spectrum?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262bade2-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262bade3-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="one" />
                        <OTText id="262bade4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="two" />
                        <OTText id="262bade5-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="four" />
                        <OTText id="262bade6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="six" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="262bade6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262bd4f7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_31">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262bd4f8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="31. Each kind of atom has a unique emission spectrum (set of light photons that are emitted when the atom gets excited). This is because different atoms have different" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262bd4f9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262bd4fa-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="shapes" />
                        <OTText id="262bd4fb-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="charges" />
                        <OTText id="262bd4fc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="numbers of electrons" />
                        <OTText id="262bd4fd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="sets of electron energy levels" />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="262bd4fd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262c4a2e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_32">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262c4a2f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="32. There are large clouds of gas deep in space. If light from a star passes through this gas, you might observe a spectrum that looks like the one pictured above. Why?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262c4a30-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262c4a31-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Atoms in the cloud only absorb specific frequencies of light." />
                        <OTText id="262c7142-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Dust in the cloud prevents specific frequencies of light from passing through." />
                        <OTText id="262ce673-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Atoms in the cloud emit specific frequencies of light that cancel out other frequencies." />
                        <OTText id="262d0d84-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Depending on the size of the atoms in the cloud, certain frequencies of light are absorbed." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="262c4a31-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262d0d85-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_33">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262d0d86-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="33. The picture above shows the distribution of positive and negative charges after a balloon is rubbed on someone’s hair. What is the overall charge on each object?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262d0d87-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262d3498-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon and the hair are both positive." />
                        <OTText id="262d3499-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon and the hair are both negative." />
                        <OTText id="262d349a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon is positive and the hair is negative." />
                        <OTText id="262d349b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon is negative and the hair is positive." />
                      </choices>
                    </OTChoice>
                  </input>
                  <correctAnswer>
                    <object refid="262d349b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
                  </correctAnswer>
                </OTQuestion>
                <OTQuestion id="262d5bac-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_34">
                  <prompt>
                    <OTText id="262d5bad-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="34. What happens when you bring the balloon and the hair together?" />
                  </prompt>
                  <input>
                    <OTChoice id="262d5bae-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
                      <choices>
                        <OTText id="262d5baf-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon and the hair repel each other." />
                        <OTText id="262d5bb0-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon and the hair attract each other." />
                        <OTText id="262d5bb1-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The balloon and the hair exchange charges back and forth." />
                        <OTText id="262d82c2-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Nothing happens." />
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                <OTQuestion id="269bfc03-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_34">
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                    <OTText id="269bfc04-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="35. If you pull two pieces of tape apart, they can become oppositely charged. Above is a picture of four pieces of tape. Which two pieces would repel each other?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="269bfc05-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="269bfc06-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The two positive pieces of tape would repel each other." />
                        <OTText id="269bfc07-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The two negative pieces of tape would repel each other." />
                        <OTText id="269c2318-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Any of the oppositely charged pieces of tape (one positive and one negative) would repel each other." />
                        <OTText id="269c2319-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both A and B" />
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                <OTQuestion id="269c713a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_36">
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                    <OTText id="269c713b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="36. Two charged particles are close to each other. The force of attraction or repulsion between them is affected by which of the following?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="269c713c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="269c713d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the amount of charge on the particles" />
                        <OTText id="269c713e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the distance between the particles" />
                        <OTText id="269c713f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the mass of the particles" />
                        <OTText id="269c7140-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="the radius of the electron cloud around the particles" />
                        <OTText id="269c7141-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both A and B" />
                        <OTText id="269c7142-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Both C and D" />
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                <OTQuestion id="269cbf63-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_37">
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                    <OTText id="269cbf64-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="37. How does a charged comb attract neutral pieces of paper?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="269cbf65-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="269cbf66-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="The charged comb gives some of its charges to the neutral paper." />
                        <OTText id="269cbf67-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Charges in the paper rearrange themselves near the comb, causing the paper to have regions of positive and negative charge." />
                        <OTText id="269cbf68-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="All atoms attract, so the atoms in the neutral paper would attract to the comb whether or not it was charged." />
                        <OTText id="269cbf69-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Paper has a special ability to attract, due to static electricity." />
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                <OTQuestion id="269ce67a-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_38">
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                    <OTText id="269ce67b-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="38. What happens when a wire is connected between the positive and negative ends of a battery?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="269ce67c-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="269ce67d-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electrons are pushed into the wire from the negative end of the battery, and electrons are pulled from the wire into the positive end of the battery." />
                        <OTText id="269ce67e-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Electrons are pushed into the wire from the positive end of the battery, and electrons are pulled from the wire into the negative end of the battery." />
                        <OTText id="269ce67f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Positive ions are pushed into the wire from the positive end of the battery, and negative ions are pulled from the wire into the negative end of the battery." />
                        <OTText id="269d0d90-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="Positive ions are pushed into the wire from the positive end of the battery, and electrons are pushed into the wire from the negative end of the battery." />
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                <OTQuestion id="269d0d91-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_39">
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                    <OTText id="269d0d92-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="39. Which of the following would NOT increase the maximum amount of electric current a wire could carry?" />
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                    <OTChoice id="269d0d93-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="269d34a4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="making the wire out of a material that has a higher density of free electrons" />
                        <OTText id="269d34a5-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="making the wire out of a material that has lower resistance" />
                        <OTText id="269d34a6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="increasing the thickness of the wire, using the same material" />
                        <OTText id="269d34a7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="connecting the wire to a battery with higher voltage" />
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                <OTQuestion id="269d5bb8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_40">
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                    <OTText id="269d5bb9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="40. When a voltage is applied, a typical conducting wire has electrons that" />
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                    <OTChoice id="269d5bba-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="269d5bbb-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="move in straight lines from one end of the wire to the other" />
                        <OTText id="269d5bbc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="bounce around from atom to atom, but in general move down the wire in the same direction" />
                        <OTText id="269d5bbd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="move in one direction, while the positive ionic cores of the atoms move in the opposite direction" />
                        <OTText id="269d5bbe-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="travel with the charged atoms on which they are attached, from one end of the wire to the other" />
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                    <object refid="269d5bbc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
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                <OTQuestion id="2706089f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_41">
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                    <OTText id="270608a0-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="41. An insulator is different from a conductor because insulators" />
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                        <OTText id="270608a2-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="don’t have electrons" />
                        <OTText id="270608a3-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="don’t have ionic cores" />
                        <OTText id="270608a4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="have atoms that hold on to electrons well" />
                        <OTText id="270608a5-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="have atoms that repel electrons" />
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                    <object refid="270608a4-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
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                <OTQuestion id="27067dd6-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_42">
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                    <OTText id="27067dd7-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="42. Doubling the voltage" />
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                    <OTChoice id="27067dd8-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="2706a4e9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="doubles the current" />
                        <OTText id="2706a4ea-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="cuts the current in half" />
                        <OTText id="2706a4eb-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="doesn’t affect the current" />
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                    <object refid="2706a4e9-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" />
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                <OTQuestion id="2706cbfc-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" name="PhysMCI_43">
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                    <OTText id="2706cbfd-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="43. Doubling the resistance" />
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                    <OTChoice id="2706cbfe-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" selectionUI="0">
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                        <OTText id="2706f30f-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="doubles the current" />
                        <OTText id="2706f310-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="cuts the current in half" />
                        <OTText id="2706f311-b5e1-11df-910c-abbf92f76389" text="doesn’t affect the current" />
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